引言
几十年来,学界持续在恶性组织中发现神经纤维【1-3】。大多数实体瘤受外周神经系统支配,接收来自自主神经(交感神经和副交感神经)和/或感觉神经的信号。原发性肿瘤还可以通过分泌神经营养因子募集神经纤维,这些神经营养因子不仅包括神经营养因子家族成员,还包括轴突引导分子【4,5】。然而,其他基质细胞在调节肿瘤神经支配中的作用尚不清楚。
越来越多的研究关注肿瘤神经支配与肿瘤发生的关系。神经胶质瘤细胞与促进肿瘤生长的神经元可以形成功能性突触【6-8】。自主神经系统已被证明能促进胃和前列腺肿瘤的发生。最近有报道还指出,自主神经和感觉神经在黑色素瘤中具有免疫调节作用【11,12】。健康乳腺组织有丰富的感觉神经纤维【13,14】,病理证据也表明乳腺肿瘤中存在神经支配【2】。肿瘤神经支配与多种癌症患者预后较差有关【1,2】,这表明可能具有调节肿瘤转移的功能,但是,感觉神经支配在乳腺癌转移中的作用仍然知之甚少。
近日,来自美国纽约The Rockefeller University的Sohail F. Tavazoie研究组在Nature上发表题为Neuronal substance P drives metastasis through an extracellular RNA–TLR7 axis的文章,通过三维共培养、遗传修饰和体内转移试验等方法,定义一个复杂的旁分泌机制,通过该机制,感觉神经可以直接作用于癌细胞,并驱动乳腺癌转移。

模式图(Credit: Nature)
参考文献
1. Ayala, G. E. et al. Cancer-related axonogenesis and neurogenesis in prostate cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 14, 7593–7603 (2008).2. Huang, D. et al. Nerve fibers in breast cancer tissues indicate aggressive tumor progression. Medicine 93, e172 (2014).3. Oertel, H. Innervation and tumour growth: a preliminary report. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 18, 135–139 (1928).4. Renz, B. W. et al. β2 adrenergic-neurotrophin feedforward loop promotes pancreatic cancer. Cancer Cell 34, 863–867 (2018).5. Latil, A. et al. Quantification of expression of netrins, slits and their receptors in human prostate tumors. Int. J. Cancer 103, 306–315 (2003).6. Osswald, M. et al. Brain tumour cells interconnect to a functional and resistant network. Nature 528, 93–98 (2015).7. Venkatesh, H. S. et al. Neuronal activity promotes glioma growth through neuroligin-3 secretion. Cell 161, 803–816 (2015).8. Venkatesh, H. S. et al. Electrical and synaptic integration of glioma into neural circuits. Nature 573, 539–545 (2019).9. Zhao, C. M. et al. Denervation suppresses gastric tumorigenesis. Sci. Transl. Med. 6, 250ra115 (2014).10. Magnon, C. et al. Autonomic nerve development contributes to prostate cancer progression. Science 341, 1236361 (2013).11. Balood, M. et al. Nociceptor neurons affect cancer immunosurveillance. Nature 611, 405–412 (2022).12. Globig, A. M. et al. The β1-adrenergic receptor links sympathetic nerves to T cell exhaustion. Nature 622, 383–392 (2023).13. Gerendai, I. et al. Transneuronal labelling of nerve cells in the CNS of female rat from the mammary gland by viral tracing technique. Neuroscience 108, 103–118 (2001).14. Hebb, C. & Linzell, J. L. Innervation of the mammary gland. A histochemical study in the rabbit. Histochem. J. 2, 491–505 (1970).https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07767-5责编|探索君
排版|探索君
文章来源|“BioArt”
End